What is meant by genetic instability in cancer cells?

Genetic instability in cancer cells refers to a condition where there is a high frequency of mutations that occur within the DNA of these cells. This instability is a hallmark of cancer, allowing tumor cells to rapidly acquire genetic changes that can lead to variations in their growth and behavior. These mutations can affect various cellular functions, including how cancer cells proliferate, evade the immune system, and respond to treatments.

As cancer cells continue to divide and evolve, the accumulation of mutations can lead to the development of a more aggressive phenotype, contributing to tumor heterogeneity and the potential for metastasis. The ability of cancer cells to undergo genetic changes frequently is a critical factor in their adaptability and survival, making genetic instability a key characteristic in the progression of cancer.